- Hydrogen Sulfide - "sewer gas" a colorless gas with the odor of rotten eggs. Excessive exposure has been linked to many confined space deaths. Hydrogen sulfide causes a loss of our sense of smell, causing people to mistakenly think that the gas has left the space. Hydrogen sulfide inhibits the exchange of oxygen on the cellular level and causes asphyxiation.
- Carbon monoxide - is an odorless, colorless gas that is formed by burning carbon based fuels (gas, wood). Carbon monoxide inhibits the bodies ability to transport oxygen to all parts of the body.
- Solvents - many solvents, such as kerosene, gasoline, paint strippers, degreasers, etc. are not only flammable, but if inhaled at high concentrations can cause central nervous system (CNS) effects. CNS effect can include dizziness, drowsiness, lack of concentration, confusion, headaches, coma and death.
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Toxic gases:
Toxic gases can be present in a confined space because the type of manufacturing process uses toxic substances as part of the production process, or biological and chemical "breakdown" of the product being stored in a tank, and from maintenance activities (welding) being performed in the confined space.
Common types of toxic gases encountered in confined spaces are:
