Popov, a chemical engineering professor, has just completed the first phase of research to build a highly sensitive nerve gas sensor. Chen, an assistant professor in chemistry and biochemistry, recently launched research aimed at developing catalysts to neutralize mustard gas and similar agents. Their research is supported separately by various U.S. defense department agencies.

"Most detection technologies are ineffective--they're usually accurate, but can't be used remotely. By the time you know something bad is in the air, it's already got you," said Popov, who joined USC in 1993 as a research professor. "Our goal is to develop a detector that can sniff out gas and liquid phase elements of nerve gases from remote locations.

"We also want to be able to detect the agents that are used to make nerve gases, which would help in monitoring which countries are trafficking the components."

Chen is using an ultra-high vacuum chamber to study nano-sized particles that could be used as neutralizing agents against chemical warfare substances. Because of their miniscule size, the catalyst particles have good surface area and are highly reactive, she said.

"The military would probably use these catalysts in some sort of filter," Chen said. "The Army might use it to protect tanks, for instance, and, ultimately, the catalysts could possibly be incorporated into fabric and masks to protect individuals." Chen will use simulated agents to model the chemical behavior of chemical warfare subtances.

Twenty-five countries are believed to be producing and stockpiling chemical warfare agents, even though international agreements ban their usage.