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Hemingway and The Magazines |
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1910's - 1920's
Some of Hemingway’s earliest writings appeared in Tabula, the literary magazine of Hemingway’s high school in Oak Park, Illinois. Three short stories and four poems were printed between 1916-17. The issue displayed here contains the short story “Sepi Jingan”. __________________________
The American literary journal The Double Dealer (1921-26) was the first professional magazine to publish a Hemingway short story, “A Divine Gesture,” which appears in the May, 1922 issue (displayed here at left). The Double Dealer is also known for early appearances of writings by Hart Crane and Thornton Wilder. __________________________
The avant-garde literary magazine, The Little Review (1914-29), was published out of New York when it printed the Hemingway vignette “In Our Time” (see issue displayed at left). The vignette was later reprinted with minor editions in Hemingway’s second book, in our time (1924). The Little Review published five other vignettes, two short stories, and two poems by Hemingway, as well as works by Gertrude Stein, Ezra Pound, and T. S. Eliot. __________________________
In 1924 and 1925 Hemingway published three short stories in the Paris-based magazine, transatlantic review, edited by Ford Madox Ford. The final issue of the magazine (pictured at left) printed “Cross Country Snow.” It was one of a few early Hemingway stories turned down upon their initial submission (in this case by Harper’s Magazine in November, 1924). __________________________
Three of Hemingway’s short stories were published between 1925 and 1931 in This Quarter, another Paris-based literary magazine. Seen at right is the issue containing “The Undefeated.” This tale of bull-fighting had been earlier rejected by The Saturday Evening Post in early 1925. It was adapted into a screenplay in 1956. __________________________
In addition to publishing almost all of his books under the Scribner’s label, Hemingway published seven short stories in Scribner's Magazine between 1927-30, (e.g., “The Killers” and “A Clean, Well-Lighted Place”). Most famous is the serialized appearance of A Farewell to Arms in six issues of Scribner's between May and October, 1929. The initial May installment (pictured at left) precipitated a barring of the June and July issues from Boston newsstands. The first edition of A Farewell to Arms was published in September, 1929 – a month before the final magazine installment. Movie adaptations followed in 1932 and 1958.
1930’s
The second issue of Fortune magazine included a 15 page article on the economics of bullfighting in Spain, entitled “Bullfighting, Sport and Industry.” Hemingway spent the previous summer in Pamplona, where he had purchased Goya lithographs of bullfights, which are also featured in the Fortune article. __________________________
“One Trip Across” was one of two contributions to Cosmopolitan in the mid-1930’s. This “complete short novel” was lightly revised and became the first part of Hemingway’s novel, To Have and Have Not (1937). __________________________
Six of Hemingway’s short stories and 26 articles appear in Esquire during the 1930’s, beginning with the magazine’s first issue in Autumn 1933. A number of the short stories reappear in Hemingway’s later books. A revised version of “The Tradesman’s Return” (Esquire, February 1936) forms Part Two of To Have and Have Not (1937). The basic storyline of The Old Man and the Sea (1952) is present in “On the Bluewater” (Esquire, April 1936). Hemingway’s final submission to Esquire – “Night Before Battle” (pictured at left) – is incorporated as the third of the “stories” in The Fifth Column and Four Stories of the Spanish War (1969). __________________________
Hemingway wrote four articles for the left-wing journal New Masses beginning in 1935 and ending in 1939. Other well-known contributors to the journal included Max Eastman, John Dos Passos, and Carl Sandburg. __________________________
As a news correspondent in Spain during the Spanish Civil War (1937-38) Hemingway sent 28 wire dispatches. These were distributed to major American newspapers, including the New York Times and Kansas City Star. Many of the reports were compiled and reprinted in four issues of the New Republic (the first is pictured at right).
__________________________ In 1937 Hemingway published a short story, “Old Man at the Bridge,” and 13 articles in the leftist magazine Ken. The articles consist of news reports on the situation in Spain and events in broader Europe leading up to WWII.
1940's In early 1941, Hemingway and Martha Gellhorn travel to China, reporting on the Sino-Japanese War. The short-lived New York tabloid, PM, published seven of Hemingway’s news dispatches from China (June 10 - June 18, 1941).
__________________________ Hemingway toured the western European front of World War II in 1944 and wrote six articles for Collier's reporting the advance of the Allies in France. His first dispatch (pictured at left) was radioed from London and covered the Normandy invasion. __________________________
A biographical essay in Life magazine (pictured at left) by the American literary critic Malcolm Cowley was among the first of many essays on Hemingway that would appear in major American magazines in the mid-twentieth century.
1950's - 1960's
Hemingway’s short novel, The Old Man and the Sea, was first published in the September 1, 1952 issue of Life magazine. At the time Life had a circulation of 5.4 million. Fifty-thousand copies of the first book edition were released a week later. The novel garnered Hemingway the Nobel Prize in literature for 1954. __________________________
Hemingway and his wife Mary departed on a proposed five month safari through East Africa in late 1953. The early weeks of the safari are recounted by Hemingway in the January 1954 issue of Look magazine. The safari was subsequently cut short by two plane crashes. __________________________
During the summer of 1959, at the age of sixty, Hemingway returned to Spain and traveled with the bullfighting circuit. The experience results in a three-part article appearing in Life magazine in September 1960. The first installment, “The Dangerous Summer,” is pictured at left. It was the last work by Hemingway published in his lifetime. The Dangerous Summer finally appeared in book form in 1985. __________________________
Two months after Ernest Hemingway’s death, Mary Hemingway’s memorial essay on her husband appeared in Look magazine. __________________________
A friend and business partner of Hemingway, A. E. Hotchner exerted an influence on both the venue and content of Hemingway’s magazine stories and articles in the 1950’s and 60’s. In the spring of 1966, Life magazine serialized Hotchner’s account of his relationship with Hemingway. Its dramatic description of Hemingway’s final months led Mary Hemingway to file suit in an unsuccessful effort to block publication of Hotchner’s forthcoming book, Papa Hemingway. |
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